The Stages of Forming a Memory
The first stage of memory is Recording - which involves attending to and encoding the information we perceive. Our brain selects the “music sounds” it records by attending to them; what our brain records depends on a few things.
Attention is the mechanism by which information enters the brain. If you do not attend to information, it cannot be encoded or stored.
Processing or encoding is the registration of information at the time of learning. The registration strength depends on the depth of processing or the amount of meaning associated with the information. Emotional events, or things you are interested in, are usually more meaningful and, therefore, processed deeper.
It will probably be lost if the information is not rehearsed or practiced. The process of practicing is called consolidation. For instance, if someone tells you their phone number, you need to use it several times before you begin to remember it.
The second stage involves storing that information, like putting that “recorded CD” somewhere safe.
Once the information is encoded, it is stored in the long-term memory.
The third stage involves retrieving the information when we need to. Our brains must find the “correct CD” and replay it when recalling a memory.
Retrieval involves accessing information stored in the long-term memory. Retrieval can be improved when given cues, for example, “the name starts with ‘F,’” when you are struggling to recall the “Frank Sinatra CD.”